Table of Contents
Python Code Snippets
List of files, just filenames, no directories.
filenames_no_dirs = next(os.walk(directory))[2]
List files, no directories, full path
filenames = [os.path.join(directory, fn) for fn in next(os.walk(directory))[2]]
Indicate that your string variable is a raw string.
print(r'%s' % raw_string)
Useful Linux CLI Commands
crontab -u www-data -e - Edit crontab of user where www-data is the user.
rsync -a /dir1/ /dir2/ - Sync two directories. This overwrites files with the same names.
stat file.txt - Show information about a file or directory
du -sh directory/ - show file or directory size
zip -r zip_filename.zip directory/ - zip up a directory
unzip zip_filename.zip - unzip file to current directory
zipinfo zip_filename.zip - list files and directories in a zip file
grep -i “whatever” file.txt - search for “whatever” in file.txt
!! - run last command
sudo !! - run last command as root
One of the easiest tools to use if you don't know the syntax of a command is TLDR. On Ubuntu you can simply install it using apt, apt install tldr. Simply use tldr zip where zip is the command you wish to know more about.
Install Gogs on Ubuntu 20.04 with MariaDB
These instructions will install Gogs on an Ubuntu 20.04 server using the MariaDB back-end. Gogs is a self-hosted front-end to Git. Gogs is extremely lightweight and comes in a single binary file. It also supports multiple back-end databases including PostgreSQL, MySQL, or SQLite3.
These commands assume you are running as root or sudo. All scripts also rely on the install directory being /home/git. Remember to set your own password wherever a password is needed.
Install MariaDB
apt install mariadb-server mysql_secure_installation
Download and extract the latest/desired version of Gogs from dl.gogs.io/
wget https://dl.gogs.io/0.12.3/gogs_0.12.3_linux_amd64.tar.gz tar xzvf gogs_0.12.3_linux_amd64.tar.gz
Create a systemd service file in /lib/systemd/system/gogs.service
[Unit] Description=Gogs After=syslog.target After=network.target [Service] LimitMEMLOCK=infinity LimitNOFILE=4000 RestartSec=2s Type=simple User=git Group=git WorkingDirectory=/home/git ExecStart=/home/git/gogs/gogs web Restart=always Environment=USER=git HOME=/home/git GOGS_WORK_DIR=/home/git [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
Enable Gogs service
systemctl enable gogs
Start Gogs service
systemctl start gogs
Install nginx
apt install nginx
Log in to MariaDB to create a user and database
mysql -u root -p
Create database
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS gogs CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;
Create user and grant privileges
CREATE USER 'gogs'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password'; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON gogs.* TO 'gogs'@'localhost'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES; EXIT;
Create nginx proxy file. Note that I am using an SSL certificate here. If you do not have your own certificate, you can use certbot.
server {
listen 80;
server_name gogs.domain.edu;
return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
}
server {
listen 443 ssl;
server_name gogs.domain.edu;
ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/cert.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/key.key;
location / {
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:3000/;
}
}
Test your nginx configuration file
nginx -t
Restart nginx
systemctl restart nginx
Set the external URL by editing /home/git/custom/conf/app.ini.
Continue the installation using the web interface https://gogs.domain.edu.
Useful Commands for Windows Subsystem for Linux
wsl -l -v - check current WSL version in use
wsl -–set-default-version 1 - set default WSL version. Currently 1 or 2.
wsl -–set-version Ubuntu-20.04 2 - convert WSL version to version 2 where Ubuntu-20.04 is the name of the distribution.
Upgrade/Install PHP 7.4 in CentOS 8
The good news is this whole process is relatively painless, so here we go.
As always, all the commands assume you have root permissions.
Install the EPEL and remi repositories.
dnf install https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm dnf install https://rpms.remirepo.net/enterprise/remi-release-8.rpm
List the PHP versions you have available
dnf module list php
This should list versions of PHP both in the main repositorys as well as the remi repository. We want to enable remi-7.4.
Reset the php module (if you already have an existing PHP version installed)
dnf module reset php
Install PHP 7.4
dnf module enable php:remi-7.4
Update using dnf
dnf update
PHP 7.4 should now be installed.
Verify PHP version
php -v
